The following information was provided by Rich
Leitka
for use by officials and coaches in administering track and field meets
Volunteer Official’s Recruitment and Orientation
Program
Introduction
and Purpose
To
offer a basic overview of officiating supported by written instructions
and model forms to help ensure that each competitor experiences a
fair competitive opportunity and receives accurate marks for their
efforts.
This program
is designed to help the high school meet officials take the needed steps
to produce a well-officiated track and field meet. This modular approach
offers one page task descriptions supported by model forms to enable the
meet officials to help inexperienced volunteer officials gain a basic
understanding of the appropriate application of track and field rules.
O.T.F.O.A. hopes that as a result of these materials help volunteer
officials feel better prepared to assist the high schools to provide the
high quality meet each athlete deserves.
Covering all
aspects of a meet from initial volunteer recruitment to the reporting the
final results, this content focuses on providing the volunteer with the
specific information needed to effectively execute her/his assigned
officiating responsibility. Though not intended to produce O.T.F.O.A.
Certified Officials, this material provides a general overview of the
major rules and officiating duties for key event areas. It also offers
useful tips and techniques to increase the volunteer official’s
confidence to properly officiate an event.
Recruitment
Volunteer
officials should be identified and recruited as far in advance of the meet
as possible. A simple listing of needed tasks (see
sample assignment sheet) with a brief description of the duties should
be prepared to facilitate sign-up and recruitment efforts—often this is
best accomplished by describing the needs and distributing a sign-up sheet
at the season opening association meeting. The tasks description should
also describe meet date and location, start time for the first event,
volunteer arrival time and who should be contacted for check-in and final
assignment.
Set-up
In advance of
the meet, all clipboards, watches, measuring tapes, pencils, waterproof
paper forms, plastic sheet covers, flags, cones and other officiating
materials should be set up by event. As well, a set of brief description
of the officiating tasks and a photocopy page of the applicable rules
should be attached to each clipboard.
Other set-up considerations include:
·
Placing the hurdles at their proper
height and location for the first event
·
Setting up the high jump and pole vault
standards as well as required mats
·
Preparing the long/triple jump pit –
light watering and aggressive raking
·
Making sure that the head official is
ready to receive athletes and supervise warm-ups a minimum of 30 minutes
prior to the scheduled field event start time
·
Establishing a Clerking area in a
visible location and providing the Clerk with all heat sheets
·
Establishing a visible officials
check-in/equipment check-out area
·
Checking that the watches are working
properly and ready for check-out by the head timer
·
Announcer has a calls schedule
(script), has tested the public address system and is ready to make the
announcement for officials to report to their assigned area 30 minutes
prior to the first event start time
Arrival
Each
volunteer should receive a phone call 24-48 hours prior to the meet to
confirm the commitment to officiate as well as the arrival time and check
in procedure. Ideally, the arrival time should be 60 minutes prior to the
start of first event (and not less than 30 minutes) to permit each
volunteer to receive and review an officiating assignment and
instructions. It is particularly important to have the field event,
timing/picking, umpire, announcer and hurdle crew personnel to arrive
early since their duties require more preparation and instruction.
This early
preparation is the best assurance of the meet starting on time. It also
establishes in everyone’s mind the expectation that the meet will
operate and be officiated effectively.
Instructions to Athletes and General Order of
Events
Event Check-In. Field event
athletes generally check in at the event area with the Head Official.
Track event athletes check in with the Clerk immediately following the
first call for the event (15 minutes prior to start).
Order of Events. For high
school meets, the normal order of events as suggested by the OSSAA for
invitational meet with timed finals are as follows:
Invitational
Meet (timed finals) Track Events
Field Events
4 x 100 meter
relay (Girls, Boys)
Shot Put (Boys, Girls)
4 x 800 meter
relay (Girls, Boys)
Discus (Girls, Boys)
100 meter
hurdles (Girls) 33”
High Jump (Girls, Boys)
110 meter
hurdles (Boys) 39”
Long Jump (Boys, Girls)
3200 meter
run (Boys)
Triple Jump (Boys, Girls) (After long jump)
4 x 200 meter
relay (Girls)
Pole Vault (Boys, Girls)
800 meter run
(Girls, Boys)
100-meter
dash (Girls, Boys)
Proposed Break
3200 meter
run (Girls)
400-meter
dash (Girls, Boys)
300 meter
hurdles (Girls) 30”
300 meter
hurdles (Boys) 36”
200-meter
dash (Girls, Boys)
1600 meter
run (Girls, Boys)
4 x 400 meter
relay (Girls, Boys)
Qualities and Considerations
for Being a Good Track & Field Official
Responsibility. The basic
responsibility of every official is to work as part of a team to create a
competitive environment in which each competitor has a fair opportunity to
achieve her/his best performances, with no competitor gaining an advantage
or suffering a disadvantage.
Considerations/Approach
1.
Athlete Centered.
Always use a proactive athlete
centered approach to officiating. The interests of the athletes
must be considered as primary. The competitors are the central reason for
having a meet, not the officials or spectators.
2.
Proactive.
Ensure a fair competition – take proactive steps to avoid having to make
a call – the goal is not "to catch the competitors" but rather
to seek a fair competitive opportunity for all.
3.
Consistent.
Treat all competitors and events equally – no one should get special
treatment, but consideration should be given to ensuring to each the fair
opportunity to compete. Sometimes fairness requires a referee’s decision
to disqualify, do not shy from this duty when required.
4.
Positive Attitude.
Take a positive approach to interactions. A dictatorial manner is usually
upsetting and distracting to nervous competitors. Never take an action
that interrupts the competition – all actions are taken once the running
event or field event trial has been competed.
5.
Professionalism.
In field events, consider the needs of the competitors, spectators and
coaches. Announce all marks clearly. In running events, stay off the track
and avoid unnecessary movement.
6.
Teamwork/Communication.
Work as part of a team of officials,
ensure clear communications with fellow officials and with competitors.
Take the initiative to clarify to avoid possible problems.
7.
Stay On Time.
Every official has a role to ensure that the meet runs on time. Each
competitor who reports by the designated time needs an adequate and
predictable warming up period. A poorly administered schedule may result
in poor performances, lost confidence or injuries.
Key Qualities
The basic qualities required of
an effective official are to:
1.
Exercise teamwork, common sense, judgment, tact and a proactive
approach to assigned tasks.
2.
View officiating as both an art and a science – consider the
circumstances in applying the rules.
3.
See every meet and every event as important – to maintain
fairness, objectivity, consistency and impartiality in every situation and
in every event.
4.
Work as a team to exhibit and exercise a high level of
professionalism, integrity and consistency.
5.
Maintain a high standard of concentration and
communication—remain prepared to react quickly.
6.
Focus on safety and act decisively, brisk but not brusque. Be
solutions oriented.
7.
Be knowledgeable of the appropriate application of the rules to the
situation – always verify any non-routine ruling by looking it up in the
current rulebook. Do not be afraid to ask or check.
8.
Be understanding of the athletes' needs and circumstances – be
present, but not highly visible.
9.
Be patient and positive despite the
conditions, statements of others or personal feelings.
Announcer
Characteristics, Tips and Techniques
An effective
announce has a clear voice, is observant and proactive, and is responsive
to instructions and call schedules. Key
considerations for the announcer include:
·
Speak clearly and reasonably slowly
·
Test the sound level to ensure that it
is not too loud or soft—if working in a booth, test how it sounds
outside the booth
·
Check out the layout of the track and
field areas to facilitate giving directions
·
Use a calls
order script, to keep the meet on schedule with pre-event calls (1st,
2nd and final)
·
Allow the athlete’s performances
speak for themselves, do not affect the competitive outcome by calling a
running event like a horse race
·
Announce full
results for each event (place, competitor, school, time/mark) as soon as
they are available
·
Be attentive to the track, do not speak
when athletes are under the starter’s control and assist the officials
by reminding athletes not competing or warming up to remain in the stands
Sample Dialogue
3:00
“Welcome to the ABC track meet, official meet time is now 3:00.
All field event athletes please report to your event area for check
in.” Point out the location of each event. “All running events are to
check in with the clerk of the course who is located ____________. All
officials and volunteers are to check in with ___________ who is located
________.”
3:15
“First call for all field events—you should be reporting to
your event area.” Then note the assignment of Boys and Girls to their
specific events. “First call for the Boys 110 meter hurdles.
All boys in the high hurdles should check in with the Clerk of the
Course who is located ___________.”
3:20
“Second call Boys 110 meter high hurdles, first call Girls 100
meter high hurdles. All girl hurdlers should be reporting to the clerk of
the course located ________.”
3:25
“Final call Boys 110 meter high hurdles, second call Girls 100
meter high hurdles. All hurdlers should be checked in at the Clerks area
located ________.”
3:29
“The first event on the track today is the Boys 110 meter high
hurdles.” If available list the lane assignments or at least the schools
assigned to the lanes in the varsity races. “Final call for the Girls
100 meter high hurdles. All Girl hurdlers should have checked in with the
Clerk of the Course.” Next get the crowd and officials ready for the
start by saying: “Please be quiet for the start of the Boys high
hurdles.”
As the meet
progresses, make the first, second and final calls at about five minute
intervals (depending on the number of varsity and junior varsity heats)
working least two events ahead.
Finally, at
the start of the of the 200 meter dash remind anyone in the infield to sit
down so that timers can see the starter. Call the next field event when
requested to do so by that area. To keep the crowd involved, announce the
results of each event at the earliest possible point as well as a running
score for the event a regular intervals: “After X events, the score is
___.”
Meet
Scorer
Role
To keep a
written record of the competitors, the point winners in each event, a
complete team score and complete final meet results. The Scorer will keep
the announcer informed of the running total of the meet score at regular
intervals throughout the meet. At the meet’s conclusion the Scorer
delivers these records to the Meet Director (often the Head Coach of the
host team).
Tips and Techniques
1.
Enter events and the scores only
as the results become available from the finish line and field events
areas. Do not enter any event names in advance, wait for the results.
2.
Using a form such as that illustrated below, enter the points
scored by each school for each event in the upper left-hand corner of the
box under the appropriate column for that school. Then record the running
meet score total in the lower right-hand corner of this box.
After
4 events, the scores are:
School
1 = 23
School 4 = 7
School
2 = 18
School 5 = 15
School
3 = 21
3.
If a place winner is disqualified, the lower place winners will
advance to fill the vacant places.
4.
If there is a tie by any number of competitors for any scoring
position, the points for the tied positions are added together and divided
by the number of competitors who are involved.
Starter
Role
The
starter shall have full responsibility for the competitors on the starting
line and during the start except for those duties assigned to the Clerk of
the Course. The starter and assistant starter shall decide without appeal,
whether a start is fair and legal, or which competitor(s) shall be charged
with a false start.
Tasks
1. The starter is
responsible for avoiding unnecessary delay in the continuance of events,
and shall start the track events promptly after the competitors have been
assigned their positions and given appropriate information/instructions by
the Clerk of the Course.
2. The starter shall
receive a whistle or white flag signal from the Head Finish Judge that the
judges and timers are ready.
3. The assistant
starter(s) or recall judge may stop the race and recall the competitors if
there is a false or unfair start or a spill during the first 100 meters
due to contact with another competitor in a races longer than 400 meters
that are started with a one-turn stagger.
Tips and Techniques
The starting commands for races or opening relay legs
of less than 800 meters shall be:
1. “ON YOUR MARKS”
At this signal, the competitors will immediately take their proper
positions behind the starting lines. After they have taken their positions
and are steady on their marks, the starter than shall instruct them:
2. “SET” At
this command, all competitors shall at once, and without delay, assume
their full and final set position in a manner that no part of their bodies
touch on or over the starting line.
3. When all competitors
are set and motionless, the starter shall fire the starting
device. The interval between the SET command and the firing of the
starting device is usually one to two seconds. (After a starter gives
the order “SET”, if any competitor is still in motion, the starter
shall not fire the starting device)
The starting commands for races or opening relay legs
of 800 meters or longer shall
be:
4. “ON YOUR MARKS”
At this signal, the competitors will immediately take their proper
positions behind the starting lines
5. When all competitors
are set and steady, the starter shall fire the starting device.
Starting violations which constitute a false start
6. Failure to comply
with the starters command.
7. Having any part of
the body in contact with the starting line or running surface beyond the
line, when the starting device is fired.
8. Failure to remain
motionless after assuming the set position prior to the starting device
being fired.
9. Repeated use of
disconcerting acts.
Unfair
start (use
your desecration).
1.
Blocks slip during or just prior to the start.
2.
Stumbling out of blocks (may be caused by blocks slipping).
3.
Competitor(s) not completely in set position.
4.
Noise or sudden movement near the start line just prior to the start.
Hurdle
Crew
Role
To place all
needed hurdles on the track at their proper height and location at least 5
minutes prior to the start of each race and to remove the hurdles quickly
immediately following the last heat requiring the hurdles.
Considerations,
Tips and Techniques
1.
Supervisor.
Designate an individual to supervise the hurdle crew.
2.
Schedule with Location/Height
Description.
The crew should be provided with an event schedule and listing of the
proper locations (e.g., color of the track marking) and heights for each
hurdle event. An effective tool is a stick with each height marked on it.
3.
Setting Hurdles.
In setting up hurdles, align the cross bar exactly over the mark on the
track.
4.
Hurdles, Markings and Heights.
Correct number of hurdles and heights for each high school hurdle event
are as follows:
·
Boys 110 Meter High Hurdles – 10
hurdles on the straightaway with each hurdle set at a 39-inch height
(often one hole down from the top).
·
Girls 100 Meter High Hurdles – 10
hurdles on the straightaway with each hurdle set at a 33-inch height
(often three holes down from the top).
·
Boys 300 Meter High Hurdles – 8
hurdles around the track with each hurdle set at a 36-inch height (often
two holes down from the top).
·
Girls 300 Meter High Hurdles – 8
hurdles around the track with each hurdle set at a 30-inch height (often
four holes down from the top).
5.
Between Heats.
Between each heat, reset and straighten any hurdles, which have been
knocked over or moved during the preceding race. Make sure the crew is
observant of runner taking practice starts.
6.
Removal. Immediate
after the last competitor in the last heat crosses the finish line, remove
all hurdles. Between the 100/110 meter and 300 meter hurdle events
reposition the hurdles and the hurdle heights to their proper 300 meter
hurdle position.
7.
Finish Chute.
If available, make sure that at least 6 spare hurdles are positioned
behind the finish line area to be available for creating a finish chute for the 1600 and 3200 meter event. (If there is a large
group of runners and the Finish Line Judge request a chute)
Clerk
of the Course
Role
To supervise
the check-in of athletes, correction of heat sheets, gathering of athletes
and escorting them to the starting line where they are turned over to the
starter. Also, the Clerk of the Course should check and enforce uniform,
visible apparel and shoe regulations. Each of the following four positions
needs to work in close harmony to keep the meet on time and moving
efficiently —Announcer, Clerk, Starter and Head Timer. This starts with
clerking – assigning lanes and recording names. An effective clerk is
well organized, thinks well on their feet and is effective in working with
people.
Considerations, Tips and Techniques
1.
Location.
The Clerk area should be established in a highly visible location
(often near the 100 meter starting line or at the center of the infield.
They should be provided with a table, chair, benches for gathering waiting
competitors and a clipboard with completed heat sheets.
2.
Heat Sheets.
At most high school meets lanes are assigned to individuals by lot
and heat sheets must be completed in the Clerk area (tip:
heat sheet forms should be copied onto waterproof paper to prevent
deterioration during wet weather conditions).
3.
Check-in.
In checking in the competitors, the Clerk is responsible for:
·
Checking in all athletes and assigning
competitors to their proper starting position
·
Making sure that all the information on
the heat sheet is correct
·
In seeded meets, informing each athlete
of her/his assigned lane
·
If lanes are assigned to schools rather
than individuals, recording the name of the athletes in the pre-assigned
lanes as they check in
·
Assigning lanes starting with the
inside lane and working out (4-5-3-6-2-7-8-1)
·
In the case of relay events, checking
that all four competitors have the same uniform
4.
Gathering/Holding.
Once the athletes are checked in, they should be told to stay in
the general area so that they may be escorted/sent to the starting line in
a group. Once the announcer gives the final call, the next event’s
competitors can be seated on the bench in the order of their lane
assignments (tip: place
numbered cards on the back of the bench) until they are taken to the
starting line. Athletes participating in field events should not be held
for an extended period of time, consideration should be given to these
athletes but warned they are responsible for being at the starting line on
time.
5.
Instructions.
Since athletes tend to be more receptive to instructions in the Clerk
area, instructions about the starting procedures (commands, number to
advance, one false start rule, … etc.) are best provided in the Clerk
area. This approach also enables the starter to quickly get the race
started once the athletes have removed their sweats (thus preventing
chills).
6.
Escorting and Heat Sheet
Delivery to Finish Line An Assistant Clerk should be
responsible for escorting the athletes to the starting line and delivering
the final heat sheets to the Finish Line Recorder.
Head Timer and Timing and Place Picking Procedures
Role
To assign and
orient timers to time specific
places (never pick or time by
lanes!!).
Tasks
Often
volunteers must both time and pick placers. Ask them to read the
instructions (next page) and to
ask any questions. The Head Timer is to be sure that the following tasks
are completed.
1.
Assign timers (and pickers)
to specific places. Ideally, 2-3 persons would be assigned to time
each scoring place with one or more persons assigned to the remaining
places. The Head Timer should provide backup on first, but be available to
substitute for another place should the place’s primary timer’s watch
fail to start or if they did not get a good start.
2.
Make sure that every
competitor is timed and receives an official time
(both junior varsity as well as varsity competitors).
3.
Review and practice the following timing and picking procedures
with each volunteer:
·
Start the watch on the smoke not the
sound
·
Stop the watch as the torso (body, not the
head, legs, neck or arms) crosses the finish line
·
Go to the person who finished in the
place the person was assigned to time
·
Have runners stay in their assigned
lanes and face back toward the finish line
·
In order of place, provide the
placer’s time to the Finish Line Recorder
·
Times recorded by rounding up to the
next highest 1/10 of a second. For example:
11.81
is recorded as 11.9
11.86
is recorded as 11.9
11.90
is recorded as 11.9
·
Do not clear any watches until all
times are recorded and the starter has called the next group to the
starting line or when you are instructed to do so
·
When the starter signals that she/he to
start the race, watches are to be cleared and ready
·
If the timer’s watch has failed to
start, or the person did not get a good start, timers are to immediately
inform the Head Timer of their assigned place so the Head Timer can cover
that place’s timing responsibility
4.
If a conflict occurs, priority will be given to the higher place
and time.
5.
Assign someone to hold the athletes in their lanes away from the
recorder until the times and places are recorded; then dismiss them.
6.
Times should not be given to the athletes on the track. Wait until
they become official (i.e.
recorded, scored and posted). This is particularly important when using
photo timing. FAT system shall take precedence over the hand held times.
7.
The Head Timer acts as back up in case a timer’s watch does not
start or a timer is not confident in the precise starting of the watch
with the smoke of the starter’s pistol.
8.
Never permit any timing by lanes, only allow timing by place.
9.
Head timer is to assign a person with a clear voice to call out lap
splits in distance races.
10.
Head Timer is to assign a lap counter for distance races—this
person rings a bell to signal the start of the last lap of both the leader
of the boys race and the girls race.
11.
An effective method to accurately time and place in races of 12 or
more competitors is to form a chute of hurdles just past the finish giving
competitors numbered tongue depressors or numbered cards.
Instructions to Volunteer Timers and Pickers
Timers and
pickers are being assigned by the Head Timer to time each individual
place. Today we are assigning you to time and pick ____ place. Please read
the following and ask any questions you have about its content. We will
practice these procedures and using your watch. You are encouraged to sit
out an event when your child is competing.
1.
Time By Place, Not By Lane.
Timers/pickers are always assigned to time a specific finish placer (e.g., first, third, fifth place); they are never
to be assigned to time a lane.
2.
Start with Smoke, Stop with
Torso:
Just prior to the start check your watch to make sure it is reset to
zeros. Use the index finger to start the watch on
the smoke from the starter's pistol (never
the sound). Stop the watch when your assigned finisher's torso (i.e., the
body: not including the arms, legs or head) crosses the front edge of the
finish line.
3.
Pay attention to the entire
race. About
15 yards from the finish, check
general placements, then turn to face the finish line. Count placers
passing the line until your assigned place crosses the line and
immediately stop your watch as your placer’s torso crosses the line.
4.
Pick Your Assigned Finish
Placer:
Upon stopping your watch, focus on your assigned place finisher.
Identify some unique features since several may be from the same school.
Move out onto the track and identify the placer’s last name and school
(number if worn).
5.
Identify the correct time.
If the watch shows 1/100's of second, all times will be recorded to the
next highest 1/10 of a second except when the 1/100 ends in zero. For
example:
·
11.81 is recorded as 11.9
·
11.86 is recorded as 11.9
·
11.90 is recorded as 11.9
6.
Report the Times and Placer’s
Name:
A recorder will be assigned to gather and record finish placers and
times. Report your
times/placers, starting with the person assigned to first.
·
Order
of Reporting:
Times and places are recorded starting with the first place
finisher and working through until all places and times are recorded.
·
Conflicts:
When there is a conflict in recording places and times, priority is given
to the time/place recorded by the person assigned to the higher place
(e.g., results offered by the person assigned to third place take priority
over those by one assigned to fourth place). If the times disagree for two
people assigned to time the same place, the slower of the two times is
recorded. If the watches for
three people assigned to time the same place all disagree, the middle time
is recorded; and if two of three agree, then record the two that agree.
·
Courtesies:
Do not leave the area without informing the Head Timer.
Do not bluff, if your watch fails to start correctly on the smoke,
immediately inform the Head Timer. If
crouched do not stand up. Stay
in the finish line position until all competitors have finished.
Move promptly and work as a team. If you have an emotional link to
a competitor in a given race (e.g., a child), it is best to sit that race
out and not time.
Finish
Line Recorder
Role
To record on the results sheet the
official place and time of all finishers.
Tasks
1.
Head Timer or Chief Finish Judge (head picker) selects a recorder
to gather and record the times and places of all finishers.
2.
To help ensure that the meet stays on schedule by efficiently
gathering this information so that the timers and pickers can quickly
return to their positions ready for the next event.
3.
Use the time between starts to record the information, correct
errors in the heat sheet and make sure that accurate results information
is provided to the Scorer.
4.
Records wind gauge reading when applicable for the 100 meters,
110/100 meter high hurdles and 200 meters events.
5.
Supervises the results runner and makes sure that at least two
volunteers are available to take the event check-in information from the
Clerk at the starting line for recording and from the finish line to the
meet Scorer.
Tips
and Techniques
1.
At the end of the race, timers and judges should go to the lane of
the place they are recording times and places for.
2.
Athletes should be held away from the times until all they are
dismissed once the times are recorded.
3.
In cases of conflict, the timer and picker assigned to the higher
place takes priority.
4.
The Recorder should call out for the time and placer in order of
finish. The time for each athlete should then be recorded in order of
finish – noting correctness by crosschecking for lane assignment and
school.
5.
Times taken from all watches for that place should be recorded to
the 1/100th on the time sheet. The Recorder is then to use the rounding
procedure to correct the times to the next highest 1/10th of a
second (except for when the 1/100th ends in a zero – example:
11.90 = 11.9).
6.
The official time shall be recorded based on the following methods:
·
When 3 watches show three different
times, record the middle time as the official time.
·
When using 3 timers and 2 of the 3
watches agree, use the two agreeing times as official.
·
When using 2 watches and they show
different times, the slower time is to be used as the official time.
7.
It is not recommended that any times be given to the
athletes—particularly when fully automatic photo timing is involved.
Times on the photo are typically .24 seconds slower.
Umpires
Role
The primary
job of the Umpire is to observe the running events and make a brief
written report should any apparent violation of the rules of running take
place within the observation area.
Considerations, Tips and Techniques
Minimum Coverage. There should
be a minimum of four (4) Umpires assigned to the meet. They are to stand
in a position just outside of track on each curve to observe the runners
and at least one should be assigned to each relay zone to observe for zone
violations.
Noting a Possible Violation.
Each umpire should be equipped with a red and white flag. If an apparent
violation is observed, the red flag is raised and the violation is
reported. (Wave the white flag when no violations occurs) The reporting
form should note the race, location, lane, athlete number and/or school,
and a clear description of what was observed. Give this form to the
Referee who will determine if a disqualification is necessary.
Common Violations.
The
main violations to watch for are: (see State meet schedule for
additional details)
·
Lane
Line. An athlete taking three or more
consecutive steps with either or both feet on or over the inside
lane line while running in an assigned lane on the curve shall be
disqualified. This rule is applied to the following events: 200 meters,
400 meters, 300 meter hurdles, 1st 100 meters of the 800, 1600,
3200 meter run, 1st 100 meters of the 3200 relay, 800 relay and
the 1st 400 meters of any relay.
·
Interference/Impedance.
While running on the straight or the curve in any race, a
competitor interferes with, cuts off or impedes another runner.
·
Finishes
Out of Lane. In events that are run entirely in
lanes a competitor does not finish the race in her/his assigned lane.
·
Dropped
Baton. When
retrieving a dropped baton, the athlete interfered with another runner or
the runner who dropped the baton outside the exchange zone was not the one
who picked it up (note: either runner may pick up a dropped baton when in
the exchange zone).
·
Illegal
Hurdling. Advances or trails a leg or foot along
the side of and below the height of the hurdle gate. Intentionally knocks
down a hurdle by hand or foot. Runs around a hurdle. Jumps a hurdle not in
their assigned lane. Finishes the race not in their assigned lane. Impedes
another runner.
Umpiring
Relay Races
Roles
Umpiring
relay races require special attention since the Umpire serves multiple
roles—instructor, supervisor and competition observer.
Considerations,
Tips and Techniques
1.
Relay races are comprised of four (4) runners each who run one (1)
leg of the race.
2.
The baton is carried by each runner and passed to the next runner
within a 20 meter exchange zone.
3.
The designate exchange zone
is the width of the track and 20 meters long. The line marking the ends of
the zone are included in the 20 meters.
4.
At the exchange, it is the position of the baton, not the runner
that is essential. The baton must be within the exchange zone when the
outgoing runner’s hand closes on the baton.
5.
The baton must be handed to the next runner, it is not to be
thrown.
6.
For races where the incoming runner has run 200 meters or less, a
10 meter acceleration zone can
be used. This area precedes the exchange zone entrance. The baton is not to be exchanged in the acceleration
zone.
7.
The 4 x 400 and 4 X 800 meter relays have no
acceleration zone. Athletes must remain within the exchange zone while
waiting for the baton and must receive the baton within the exchange zone.
8.
In the 4 x 400 meter relay, the exchange zone starts 10 meters
prior to the start/finish line. The athletes must remain within the
exchange zone while waiting for the baton and must receive the baton while
it is in the exchange zone. The runners may then break to the inside so
long as they do not impede a runner to the inside of them.
9.
The 4 x 100 and 4 x 200 meter relays are run completely in
lanes—the Umpire is to watch for lane violations on the curves.
10.
In the 4 x 400 relay,
the first runners are to run in their assigned lanes. After the exchange,
the second runner must run 1 turn in their lane and may break to the
inside lane in a manner which does not impede a runner to the inside of
them, after they have passed the cut line. The third and fourth legs are
not staggered, but rather are organized by the position of the incoming
runner.
11.
When the baton exchange is completed, incoming runners should be
instructed to stay in the lane in which they ran until asked by the Umpire
to leave the track once the zone is clear.
12.
Ideally, Umpires are assigned to each end of the zone and one to
the top of each curve.
13.
When there are 6 or less Umpires, priority should be given to
placement at the entrance and exit end of the zone and the umpire should
stand on the outside of the track just beyond track.
Discus
Role
To supervise
the safety of all competitors during the warm-up and competition, and to
accurately measure/record each throw to the nearest
lesser inch or even centimeter.
Considerations,
Tips and Techniques
1.
Safety! To
ensure the safety of all in the area, supervise every practice throw
(using a cone or a person standing in the circle to prevent throws) and
keeping everyone behind the cage.
2.
Total Throws.
In regular high school meets, each competitor shall be allowed
three preliminary trials. In the finals, each qualifier is allowed three
additional trials. In meets with limited entries, the games committee may
allow all competitors just four total trials. Competitors shall be
credited with their best performance regardless of whether it occurs in
the preliminaries or finals.
3.
Order of Throws.
The order in which contestants take their preliminary trials shall be
determined by lot. In the finals, competitors shall compete in reverse
order with the best preliminary performance last. Trials may be allowed in
succession to accommodate those athletes who may be excused to participate
in other events.
4.
Cage Required.
For the safety of all, the discus may only be competed where the throwing
circle is surrounded by a protective cage (fencing).
5.
Taping, Belt and Gloves.
No taping of the hands or fingers is permitted except to protect an open
wound. Taping of the wrist is permissible. A protective belt may be worn,
use of gloves of any type is prohibited.
6.
Sector.
Discus must fall within the 60-degree sector lines—lines are not part of
the sector.
7.
Fouls.
It is a foul throw if the competitor:
·
After stepping into the circle, fails
to pause before starting to throw.
·
After stepping into the circle, touches
the circle, not including the inner face of the stop-board or metal band,
if one is used, or the ground outside of the throwing circle during the
throw.
·
The discus lands on or outside the 60
degree throwing sector lines
·
Throws the discus so it hits the cage
and/or an object outside the sector and lands within the sector.
·
After the discus has landed, and the
event judge calls “mark”, does not exit from the back half of the
circle.
·
Is not under control prior to exiting
the circle.
·
Fails to initiate a trial to completion
within 1½ minutes after being called.
8.
Fouls Not Measured. A
foul throw is not measured, but is counted as an attempt.
9.
Calls. The
calls for next 3 competitors are: “UP”,
“ON DECK” and
“ON HOLD” (Smith is
“UP”, Jones “ON DECK” and Adams “ON
HOLD”
10.
Measurement.
In measuring the throw:
·
Measures are made from the nearest edge
of the first mark made by the discus to the inside edge of the throwing
circle.
·
The tape is lifted up to taught, then
dropped and pulled through the center of the circle
(often a small dot in the center of the ring) to the first mark
made by the discus.
·
Measurements are recorded to the
nearest lesser 1 inch or even centimeter
Shot Put
Role
To supervise
the safety of all competitors during the warm-up and competition, and to
accurately measure/record each throw to the nearest
lesser ¼ inch or centimeter.
Considerations,
Tips and Techniques
1.
Safety! To
ensure the safety of all in the area, supervise every practice put (using
a cone or a person standing in the circle to prevent throws) and keeping
everyone away from circle.
2.
Total Throws.
In regular high school meets, each competitor shall be allowed
three preliminary trials. In the finals, each qualifier is allowed three
additional trials. In meets with limited entries, the games committee may
allow all competitors just four total trials. Competitors shall be
credited with their best performance regardless of whether it occurs in
the preliminaries or finals.
3.
Order of Puts.
The order in which contestants take their preliminary trials shall be
determined by lot. In the finals, competitors shall compete in reverse
order with the best preliminary performance last. Trials may be allowed in
succession to accommodate those athletes who may be excused to participate
in other events.
4.
Taping, Belt and Gloves.
No taping of the hands or fingers is permitted except to protect an open
wound. Taping of the wrist is permissible. A protective belt may be worn,
use of gloves of any type is prohibited.
5.
Sector. The
shot must fall within the 65.5 degree sector lines—lines are not part of
this sector.
6.
Fouls.
It is a foul throw if the competitor:
·
After stepping into the circle, fails
to pause before starting to throw.
·
After stepping into the circle, touches
the circle, not including the inner face of the stopboard or metal band,
if one is use, or the ground outside of the throwing circle.
·
Allows the shot to drop behind or below
the shoulder during the put attempt.
·
Puts the shot so it hits the cage
and/or an object outside the sector and lands within the sector.
·
The shot lands on or outside the 65.5
degree throwing sector lines
·
After the shot has landed, and the
event judge call “mark”, does not exit from the back half of the
circle.
·
Is not under control prior to exiting
the circle.
·
Fails to initiate a trial to completion
within 1½ minute after being
called.
7.
Fouls Not Measured. A
foul throw is not measured, but is counted one of the attempts.
8.
Calls.
The calls for next 3 competitors are:
“UP”,
“ON DECK” and
“ON HOLD” (Smith is “UP”,
Jones “ON DECK” and Adams “ON
HOLD”).
9.
Measurement.
In measuring the throw:
·
Measures are made from the nearest edge
of the first mark made by the shot to the inside edge of the throwing
circle.
·
The tape is lifted up to taught over
the stopboard, then dropped and pulled through the center of the circle
(often a small dot in the center of the ring) to the first mark
made by the shot
·
Measurements are recorded to the
nearest lesser ¼ inch or whole centimeter.
Javelin
Role
To supervise
the safety of all competitors during the warm-up and competition, and to
accurately measure/record each throw to the nearest
lesser inch or even centimeter.
Considerations,
Tips and Techniques
1.
Safety! To
ensure the safety of all in the area, supervise every practice throw
(using a cone or a person standing in the circle to prevent throws) and
keeping everyone back from area.
2.
Total Throws.
In regular high school meets, each competitor shall be allowed
three preliminary trials. In the finals, each qualifier is allowed three
additional trials. In meets with limited entries, the games committee may
allow all competitors just four total trials. Competitors shall be
credited with their best performance regardless of whether it occurs in
the preliminaries or finals.
3.
Order of Throws.
The throwing sequence should alternate schools and their athletes. Trials
may be allowed in succession to accommodate those athletes who may be
excused to participate in other events.
4.
Whipcord.
Wrapping the whipcord binding with tape is prohibited.
5.
Taping, Belt and Gloves.
No taping of the hands or fingers is permitted except to protect an open
wound. Taping of the wrist is permissible. A protective belt may be worn,
use of gloves of any type is prohibited.
6.
Sector.
Javelin must fall within the sector lines—sector lines are not part of
the sector.
7.
Method.
Javelin must be held by the whipcord at the time the throw is executed.
The thumb, forefinger or middle finger may touch the shaft behind the
whipcord.
8.
Fouls.
It is a foul throw if the competitor:
·
Makes a 360-degree turn before the
javelin is released and in flight.
·
Uses a delivery other than an over arm
above the shoulder motion of the throwing arm.
·
Touches on or over either the runway
lines or on or over the scratch line arc before the throw is marked or if
the thrower fails to exit the runway behind the scratch line after the
javelin has landed.
·
Fails to exit the runway behind the
scratch-line arc after the javelin has landed and the judge call Mark”
·
Fails to initiate a trial to completion
within 1½ minutes after
being called.
9.
Fouls Not Measured. A
foul throw is not measured, but is counted one of the four attempts.
10.
Calls.
The calls for next 3 competitors are:
“UP”,
“ON DECK” and
“ON HOLD” (Smith is “UP”,
Jones “ON DECK” and Adams “ON
HOLD”).
11.
Measurement.
In measuring the throw:
·
Measures are made from the nearest edge
of the first mark made by the javelin to the inside edge of the arc
scratch line
·
The tape is lifted up to taught, then
dropped and pulled through the center of the runway
to a point 26 feet 3 inches behind the arc scratch line (often a
small dot in the center of the runway) to the first mark made by the
javelin
·
Measurements are recorded to the
nearest lesser 1 inch or even centimeter
Long
Jump and Triple Jump
Role
To supervise
the safety of all competitors during the warm-up and competition, and to
accurately measure/record each legal attempt to the nearest lesser ¼ inch or centimeter.
Considerations,
Tips and Techniques
1.
Safety! To
ensure the safety of all in the area, supervise every practice attempt.
2.
Prepare the Pit.
Prior to the meet the pit should be turned, raked and lightly watered.
After each attempt it is to be raked and smoothed to ensure that it is
soft, level and at the same elevation as the takeoff board for each
subsequent trial.
3.
Warm-up.
Generally, the 15-minute period prior to the competition is available for
warm-ups, measurements for marker and checking steps.
4.
Markers. No
marker shall be placed on the runway or in the landing area (pit).
5.
Scratch Line Locations:
Boys
Girls
Long
Jump
12 Feet
8 Feet
Triple
Jump
32 Feet
24 Feet
6.
Fouls and Trials.
The jumper shall takeoff from behind
the scratch line at the far edge of the takeoff board. It shall be
counted as a foul trial but not
measured if the:
·
Jumper’s shoe extends over the
scratch line and makes a mark
beyond it
·
Jumper runs across the scratch line, or
scratch line extended.
·
Jumper, in the course of landing or
leaving the pit, touches the ground outside the landing area nearer to the
scratch line than the nearest mark made in the landing pit by the trial
·
Jumper fails to initiate a trial within
1 minute (60 seconds) after being called to jump
7.
Legal Long Jumping.
No somersaulting is permitted – the head must remain in the superior
position throughout the jump.
8.
Legal Triple Jumping.
In the first phase (hop) the
jumper must land on the same foot as
the takeoff foot, in the second phase (step)
the jumper must land on the opposite
foot and may land in the
pit with either or both feet.
9.
Measurement.
A legal jump is measured perpendicularly (at a 90° angle) to the scratch line or the
scratch line extended (use a clipboard to extend the scratch line) from
the scratch line to the point nearest to the scratch line in the pit
touched by the jumper of their apparel
·
Measurement reading/recording shall be
taken at the takeoff board (edge nearest the pit)
·
Measurement shall be to the nearest
lesser ¼ inch or centimeter
10.
Close the Pit Between Trials.
Between trials or warm-ups, use either a cone or a person to prevent
unauthorized practice jumps and to indicate when the area is ready for a
jump attempt.
11.
Ties. Ties
are broken by using the second best trial; if still tied, then the third
best trial, etc.
12.
Calls.
The calls for next 3 competitors are:
“UP”,
“ON DECK” and
“ON HOLD” (Smith is “UP”,
Jones “ON DECK” and Adams “ON
HOLD”).
High Jump
Role
To supervise
the safety of all competitors during the warm-up and competition, and to
accurately measure/record each legal attempt to the nearest lesser ¼ inch or centimeter.
Considerations,
Tips and Techniques
1.
Safety! To
ensure the safety of all in the area, supervise every practice attempt.
2.
Setting the Standards.
Once placed, the standards may not be moved—use tape to indicate the
initial location of the standard.
3.
Minimum Starting Height. The
games committee shall determine minimum starting heights.
4.
Replacing the Bar.
The bar should be returned to the standards in exactly the same manner as
originally placed with a 1-centimeter gap between the standard and the
crossbar ends.
5.
Measurement. Measurement
of the crossbar height to the nearest lesser ¼ inch or centimeter.
Measure from the takeoff surface to the lowest point on the upper side of
the cross bar—a piece of tape should mark this point on the front face
of the cross bar.
6.
Bar Not to Lowered.
The bar shall not be lowered once the competition begins except to
determine the first place winner in the event of a tie for that place.
7.
Warm-up. A
15-minute period prior to the start time should be allocated for warm-up.
A competitor who has passed three consecutive heights may be allowed to
warm-up without the crossbar in place.
8.
Jumping Order. Each
competitor is allowed a single jump at a time in the order assigned.
9.
Passing a Height. A
competitor my pass either a trial or a height, but is eliminated after
three consecutive unsuccessful trials.
10.
Calls. The
calls for next 3 competitors are: “UP”,
“ON DECK” and
“ON HOLD” (Smith is
“UP”, Jones “ON DECK” and Adams “ON
HOLD”).
11.
Time Limit. A
trial must be initiated within 1
minute (60 seconds) after being called. When three or fewer competitors
remain, high jumpers are allowed 3 minutes. When one competitor remains in
the high jump, the jumper will be allowed 5 minutes.
12.
Take-Off. The
competitor may attempt to clear the bar in any manner provided that the
takeoff is from one foot and no weights or artificial aids were used.
13.
Maximum Attempts Per Height. Each
competitor is allowed a maximum of three (3) trials (attempts) at any one
height.
14.
Unsuccessful Trials (Fouls). It
will count as unsuccessful trial when:
·
The cross bar is displaced in an
attempt to clear it
·
Touches the ground or landing area
beyond the plane of the crossbar, or the crossbar extended, without clearing the bar.
·
After clearing the bar, contacts the
upright and displaces the cross bar or steadies the bar.
·
All of the competitor’s body fails to
go over the bar.
·
Failing to initiate an attempt within
the time limit after being called.
15.
Elimination. A
competitor is eliminated once they have had three consecutive unsuccessful
trials regardless of height or heights at which the attempts were made.
16.
Recording Marks.
Heights are recorded to nearest lesser ¼ inch or centimeter.
17.
Ties. Ties
for places shall be settled using the following tie-breaking steps:
·
Fewest total trials at the height at
which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place
·
Fewest total number of unsuccessful
trials throughout the entire competition
·
If a tie still remains for first place,
a jump-off is required starting
at the last height attempted
Time Limit: 1 min. after being called
for a trial. 3 min. -Three (3) or fewer competitors.
5 min. one competitor.
Pole Vault
Considerations,
Tips and Techniques
1.
Safety! To
ensure the safety of all in the area, supervise every practice attempt.
2.
Check-in.
As athletes are checked in, the following steps are to be taken:
·
Vaulter’s weight shall be recorded,
verified and initialed by the coach
·
Vaulter’s pole is checked to assure
that the vaulter’s weight is below the manufacture’s pole rating (pole
rating shall be visible in a 1” contrasting color)
·
Vaulter’s pole has a 1” circular
band indicating the maximum top hand hold position which is 6” below the
top of the pole
3.
Placement of Standards.
The bar standards may be placed between 12 and 30 inches past the stop
board in the direction of the landing surface.
4.
Replacing the Crossbar.
A displaced bar is to be returned to the standards in the same manner as
originally placed with a 1 centimeter gap between the standard and
crossbar ends.
5.
Measurement. Measurement
of the crossbar height to the nearest lesser ¼ inch or centimeter.
Measure from the takeoff surface to the lowest point on the upper side of
the cross bar—a piece of tape should mark this point on the front face
of the cross bar.
6.
Bar Not to Lowered.
The bar shall not be lowered once the competition begins except to
determine the first place winner in the event of a tie for that place.
7.
Warm-up. A
15-minute period prior to the start time should be allocated for warm-up.
A competitor who has passed three consecutive heights may be allowed to
warm-up without the crossbar in place.
8.
Vaulting Order. Each
competitor is allowed a single vault at a time in the order assigned.
9.
Passing a Height. A
competitor my pass either a trial or a height. A pass must be indicated
before the start of the clock.
10.
Calls. The
calls for next 3 competitors are: A “UP”,
B “ON DECK” and C “ON HOLD”.
11.
Time Limit. A
trial must be initiated within 1½
minute (90 seconds) after being called. When three or fewer competitors
remain, vaulters are allowed 4 minutes. When one competitor remains in the
pole vault, the Vaulter will be allowed 6 minutes.
12.
Markers. Markers
are not to be placed on the runway.
13.
Taping. No
taping of hands or fingers unless to cover an open wound. Taping of the
wrist is permissible. No gloves are permitted.
14.
Maximum Attempts Per Height. Each
competitor is allowed a maximum of three (3) trials at any one height.
15.
Unsuccessful Trials (Fouls). It
will count as unsuccessful trial when:
·
The cross bar is displaced in an
attempt to clear it.
·
Vaulter leaves the ground and fails to
clear the cross bar.
·
During the vault, raises the hand which
is uppermost when he/she leaves the ground to a higher point on the pole,
or if the hand which was underneath is raised to any point on the pole
above the other hand.
·
Vaulter or pole touches the ground or
landing pit beyond the vertical plane of the stopbar without clearing the
cross bar.
·
Vaulter fails to complete the vault
attempt within the time limit after being called and after the
crossbar and standards have been set.
·
After clearing the crossbar, contacts
an upright and displaces the crossbar.
·
Standards or uprights are incorrectly
positioned.
·
Steadies the crossbar with a hand(s) or
arm(s).
·
Grips the pole above the top hand-hold
band.
16.
Pole Breaks.
It does not count as a trial if the pole breaks.
17.
Elimination. A
competitor is eliminated once they have had three consecutive unsuccessful
trials regardless of a height or heights at which the attempts were made.
18.
Recording Marks.
Heights are recorded to nearest lesser ¼ inch or centimeter.
19.
Ties. Ties
for places shall be settled using the following tie-breaking steps:
·
Fewest total trials at the height at
which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place
·
Fewest total number of unsuccessful
trials throughout the entire competition
·
If a tie still remains for first place,
a jump-off is required starting
at the last height attempted
Time Limit:
1½ min. after being called for a trial. 4 min. -Three (3) or fewer
competitors. 6 min. one competitor
These
violations are applicable at all time during a Track and Field meet
Unfair
Act
Unacceptable conduct
(4-5-2) (disqualified
from event)
__
Competitor was paced (4-5-9b)
__
Failure to follow directions of a meet official
__
Competitor was coached from restricted area (4-5-9f)
__
Competitors join hands or grasps each other any time during a race
(4-5-9c)
Unsportsmanlike conduct
(4-5-1)
(disqualified
from meet)
__
Competitor used any aid during the race (4-5-9d)
__
Conduct which is unethical or dishonorable
__
Contestants shall not wear jewelry exception of religious or
medical (4-4-7)
__ Action or language which will bring
discredit to the individual or school
__
Disrespectfully addressing an official
Uniforms
__
Using profanity
__
Failure to wear the school uniform (4-3-4)
__
Criticizing an opponent or official
__
Failure of relay team to wear same color & design school
uniform (4-3-5)
__
Visible undergarments not single (same, solid) color (4-3-4, 4-5-8)
Running
Infraction(s)
__
Stepped on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with
either or both feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
__ Interference
by a competitor (4-5-4)
__ Interference
by a non-competitor (4-5-7)
__
When a race is run in lanes,...
He or she does not finish the race in the assigned lane (5-11-1d)
__
One or more steps inside the assigned lane line at the break line
(5-11-1e)
Event
specific running violations
400 Meter relay
Running Infraction(s)
__
When a race is run in lanes,...
He or she does not finish the race in the assigned lane (5-11-1d)
__
Stepped
on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with either or both
feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
Relay Infraction(s)
__
Failure to pass baton in the exchange zone (5-9-6) Which Exchange?_
before or after zone?_
__
Baton not handed between runners (5-9-7)
__
Incoming runner pushes outgoing runner (5-10-1)
__ Throwing the baton
after race is ended (5-10-2)
__
Competitor wearing gloves during competition (5-9-5)
__
Violation of substitution rule (5-9-2)
3200 Meter Relay
Running Infraction(s)
__
Stepped
on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with either or both
feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
__
One or more steps inside the assigned lane line at the break line
(5-11-1e)
Relay Infraction(s)
__
Failure to pass baton in the exchange zone (5-9-6) Which Exchange?_
before or after zone?_
__
Baton not handed between runners (5-9-7)
__
Use of acceleration zone (5-9-9,10)
__
Incoming runner pushes outgoing runner (5-10-1)
__
Throwing the baton after race is ended (5-10-2)
__
Competitor wearing gloves during competition (5-9-5)
__
Violation of substitution rule (5-9-2)
100 Meter High Hurdles
Running Infraction(s)
__
When a race is run in lanes,...
He or she does not finish the race in the assigned lane (5-11-1d)
Hurdling Violation(s)
__
Did not attempt to clear each hurdle (5-13-2a)
__
Deliberately knocked down a hurdle by hand or foot (5-13-2b)
__
Advanced or trailed a leg or foot alongside and below the hurdle
gate (5-13-2c)
__
Ran over hurdle no in the assigned lane (5-13-2b)
__
Ran around a hurdle (5-13-2f)
110 Meter High Hurdles
Running Infraction(s)
__
When a race is run in lanes,...
He or she does not finish the race in the assigned lane (5-11-1d)
Hurdling Violation(s)
__
Did not attempt to clear each hurdle (5-13-2a)
__
Deliberately knocked down a hurdle by hand or foot (5-13-2b)
__
Advanced or trailed a leg or foot alongside and below the hurdle
gate (5-13-2c)
__
Ran over hurdle no in the assigned lane (5-13-2b)
__
Ran around a hurdle (5-13-2f)
3200 Meter Run
Running Infraction(s)
__
Stepped
on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with either or both
feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
__
One or more steps inside the assigned lane line at the break line
(5-11-1e)
800 Meter Relay
Running Infraction(s)
__
When a race is run in lanes,...
He or she does not finish the race in the assigned lane (5-11-1d)
__
Stepped
on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with either or both
feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
Relay Infraction(s)
__
Failure to pass baton in the exchange zone (5-9-6) Which Exchange?_
before or after zone?_
__
Baton not handed between runners (5-9-7)
__
Incoming runner pushes outgoing runner (5-10-1)
__
Throwing the baton after race is ended (5-10-2)
__
Competitor wearing gloves during competition (5-9-5)
__
Violation of substitution rule (5-9-2)
800 Meter Run
Running Infraction(s)
__
Stepped
on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with either or both
feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
__
One or more steps inside the assigned lane line at the break line
(5-11-1e)
100 Meter Dash
__
When a race is run in lanes,...
He or she does not finish the race in the assigned lane (5-11-1d)
400 Meter Dash
Running Infraction(s)
__
When a race is run in lanes,...
He or she does not finish the race in the assigned lane (5-11-1d)
__
Stepped
on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with either or both
feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
300 Meter Hurdles
Running Infraction(s)
__
When a race is run in lanes,...
He or she does not finish the race in the assigned lane (5-11-1d)
__
Stepped
on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with either or both
feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
Hurdling Violation(s)
__
Did not attempt to clear each hurdle (5-13-2a)
__
Deliberately knocked down a hurdle by hand or foot (5-13-2b)
__
Advanced or trailed a leg or foot alongside and below the hurdle
gate (5-13-2c)
__
Ran over hurdle not in the assigned lane (5-13-2b)
__
Ran around a hurdle (5-13-2f)
200 Meter Dash
Running Infraction(s)
__
When a race is run in lanes,...
He or she does not finish the race in the assigned lane (5-11-1d)
__
Stepped
on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with either or both
feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
1600 Meter Run
Running Infraction(s)
__
Stepped
on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with either or both
feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
__
One or more steps inside the assigned lane line at the break line
(5-11-1e)
__
Violation of substitution rule (5-9-2)
1600 Meter Relay
Running Infraction(s)
__
Stepped
on or over inside line for three (3) or more steps with either or both
feet (5-11-1a, 5-12-2)
__
One or more steps inside the assigned lane line at the break line
(5-11-1e)
Relay Infraction(s)
__
Failure to pass baton in the exchange zone (5-9-6) Which Exchange?_
before or after zone?_
__
Baton not handed between runners (5-9-7)
__
Use of acceleration zone (5-9-9,10)
__
Incoming runner pushes outgoing runner (5-10-1)
__
Throwing the baton after race is ended (5-10-2)
__
Competitor wearing gloves during competition (5-9-5)
__
Violation of substitution rule (5-9-2)